AGREEMENT IN THE FORM OF AN EXCHANGE OF LETTERS ON THE TAXATION OF SAVINGS INCOME

A. Letter from the Government of the Republic of Latvia

Sir,

I refer to the text of the proposed model "Agreement on the Taxation of Savings Income between the Government of the British Virgin Islands and the Government of the Republic of Latvia" that was approved by the High Level Working Party (Taxation of Savings) of the Council of Ministers of the European Union on 22 June 2004.

In view of the above mentioned text, I have the honour

• to propose to you the Agreement on the taxation of savings income at Appendix 1 to this letter;

• to propose that the said arrangements may come into effect on the date of application of Council Directive 2003/48/EC of 3 June 2003 on taxation of savings income in the form of interest payments, which date shall be subject to the conditions set out in Article 17(2) of the Directive, subject to the notification to each other that the internal constitutional formalities for the coming into effect of these arrangements are completed;

• to propose our mutual commitment to comply at the earliest date with our said internal constitutional formalities and to notify each other without delay through the formal channels when such formalities are completed.

I have the honour to propose that, if the above is acceptable to your Government, this letter together with its Appendix 1 and your confirmation shall together constitute our mutual acceptance and making of the arrangements between the Republic of Latvia and the British Virgin Islands.

Please accept, Sir, the assurance of our highest consideration,

For the Government

of the Republic of Latvia

Oskars Spurdziņš

Minister of Finance

Done at Riga, on 22 December 2004, in the English language, in three copies.

B. Letter from the Government of the British Virgin Islands

Sir,

I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter of today's date, which reads as follows:

"Sir,

I refer to the text of the proposed model "Agreement on the Taxation of Savings Income between the Government of the British Virgin Islands and the Government of the Republic of Latvia" that was approved by the High Level Working Party (Taxation of Savings) of the Council of Ministers of the European Union on 22 June 2004.

In view of the above mentioned text, I have the honour

• to propose to you the Agreement on the taxation of savings income at Appendix 1 to this letter;

• to propose that the said arrangements may come into effect on the date of application of Council Directive 2003/48/EC of 3 June 2003 on taxation of savings income in the form of interest payments, which date shall be subject to the conditions set out in Article 17(2) of the Directive, subject to the notification to each other that the internal constitutional formalities for the coming into effect of these arrangements are completed;

• to propose our mutual commitment to comply at the earliest date with our said internal constitutional formalities and to notify each other without delay through the formal channels when such formalities are completed.

I have the honour to propose that, if the above is acceptable to your Government, this letter together with its Appendix 1 and your confirmation shall together constitute our mutual acceptance and making of the arrangements between the Republic of Latvia and the British Virgin Islands.

Please accept, Sir, the assurance of our highest consideration"

I am able to confirm that the Government of the British Virgin Islands is in agreement with the contents of your letter dated 22 December 2004.

Please accept, Sir, the assurance of my highest consideration,

For the Government

of the British Virgin Islands

Orlando Smith

Chief Minister

Done at Tortola, on 11 April 2005, in the English language, in three copies.

Appendix 1

AGREEMENT ON THE TAXATION OF SAVINGS INCOME BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA

WHEREAS:

1. Article 17 of Directive 2003/48/EC (hereinafter referred to as "the Directive") of the Council of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as "the Council") on taxation of savings income provides that before 1 January, 2004 Member States shall adopt and publish the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with the Directive with effect from 1^st January, 2005 provided that:

"(i) the Swiss Confederation, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Republic of San Marino, the Principality of Monaco and the Principality of Andorra apply from that same date measures equivalent to those contained in this Directive, in accordance with agreements entered into by them with the European Community, following unanimous decisions of the Council;

(ii) all agreements or other arrangements are in place, which provide that all the relevant dependent or associated territories apply from that same date automatic exchange of information in the same manner as is provided for in Chapter II of this Directive, (or, during the transitional period defined in Article 10, apply a withholding tax on the same terms as are contained in Articles 11 and 12)";

2. The British Virgin Islands (hereinafter — BVI) is not a member of the European Union and not within the European Union (hereinafter — EU) fiscal territory, but the Government of the United Kingdom has requested the Government of the BVI to voluntarily apply the provisions of the Directive.

3. The BVI notes that, while it is the ultimate aim of the EU Member States to bring about effective taxation of interest payments in the beneficial owner's Member State of residence for tax purposes through the exchange of information concerning interest payments between themselves, three Member States, namely Austria, Belgium and Luxembourg, during a transitional period, shall not be required to exchange information but shall apply a withholding tax to the savings income covered by the Directive.

4. The BVI has agreed to apply a withholding tax with effect from 1^st January, 2005, provided the European Union Member States have adopted the laws, regulations, and administrative provisions necessary to comply with the Directive, and the requirements of Article 17 of the Directive have generally been met.

5. The BVI has agreed to apply automatic exchange of information in the same manner as is provided for in Chapter II of the Directive from the end of the transitional period as defined in Article 10(2) of the Directive.

6. The BVI has legislation relating to undertakings for collective investment that is deemed to be equivalent in its effect to the EC legislation referred to in Articles 2 and 6 of the Directive.

NOW THEREFORE, the Government of the BVI and the Government of the Republic of Latvia (hereinafter referred to as a "contracting party" or the "contracting parties" as the context requires), have agreed to conclude this agreement which contains obligations on the part of the contracting parties only and provides for:

(a) the automatic exchange of information by the competent authority of the Republic of Latvia to the competent authority of the BVI in the same manner as to the competent authority of a Member State;

(b) the application by the BVI, during the transitional period defined in Article 10 of the Directive, of a withholding tax from the same date and on the same terms as are contained in Articles 11 and 12 of that Directive;

(c) the automatic exchange of information by the competent authority of the BVI to the competent authority of the Republic of Latvia in accordance with Article 13 of the Directive;

(d) the transfer by the competent authority of the BVI to the competent authority of the Republic of Latvia of 75% of the revenue of the withholding tax in respect of interest payments made by a paying agent established in the BVI to an individual resident in the Republic of Latvia.

Article 1. Definitions

For the purposes of this Agreement, the term:

"competent authority", when applied to the contracting parties means,

in the case of the BVI, the Financial Secretary; and

in the case of the Republic of Latvia, the State Revenue Service;

"residence", in relation to a beneficial owner, means the country or territory where his permanent address is located, subject to the conditions set out in Article 7(3) of this Agreement;

"UCITS" means an undertaking for collective investment in transferable securities that is recognised in accordance with the Directive of the Council of the European Union known as Council Directive 85/611/EEC of 20^th December, 1985 on the co-ordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities.

Article 2. Withholding of Tax by Paying Agents

Interest payments as defined in Article 9 of this Agreement which are made by a paying agent established in the BVI to beneficial owners within the meaning of Article 6 of this Agreement who are residents of the Republic of Latvia shall, subject to Article 4 of this Agreement, be subject to a withholding tax from the amount of interest payment during the transitional period referred to in Article 15 of this Agreement starting at the date referred to in Article 16 of this Agreement. The rate of withholding tax shall be 15% during the first three years of the transitional period, 20% for the subsequent three years and 35% thereafter.

Article 3. Reporting of Information by Paying Agents

(1) Where interest payments, as defined in Article 9 of this Agreement, are made by a paying agent established in the Republic of Latvia to beneficial owners, as defined in Article 6 of this Agreement, who are residents of the BVI, or where the provisions of Article 4(1)(a) of this Agreement apply, the paying agent shall report to its competent authority

(a) the identity and residence of the beneficial owner established in accordance with Article 7 of this Agreement,

(b) the name and address of the paying agent,

(c) the account number of the beneficial owner or, where there is none, identification of the debt claim giving rise to the interests, and

(d) information concerning the interest payment specified in Article 5(1) of this Agreement. However, each contracting party may restrict the minimum amount of information concerning interest payment to be reported by the paying agent to the total amount of interest or income and to the total amount of the proceeds from sale, redemption or refund paid to the beneficial owner within the tax year,

and the Republic of Latvia shall comply with paragraph (2) of this Article.

(2) Within six months following the end of their tax year, the competent authority of the Republic of Latvia shall communicate to the competent authority of the BVI, automatically, the information referred to in paragraph 1 (a)-(d) of this Article, for all interest payments made during that year.

Article 4. Exceptions to the withholding tax procedure

(1) The BVI when levying a withholding tax in accordance with Article 2 of this Agreement shall provide for one or both of the following procedures in order to ensure that the beneficial owners may request that no tax be withheld:

(a) a procedure which allows the beneficial owner as defined in Article 6 of this Agreement to avoid the withholding tax specified in Article 2 of this Agreement by expressly authorising his paying agent to report the interest payments to the competent authority of the contracting party in which the paying agent is established. Such authorisation shall cover all interest payments made to the beneficial owner by that paying agent;

(b) a procedure which ensures that withholding tax shall not be levied where the beneficial owner presents to his paying agent a certificate drawn up in his name by the competent authority of the contracting party of residence for tax purposes in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article.

(2) At the request of the beneficial owner, the competent authority of the contracting party of the country of residence for tax purposes shall issue a certificate indicating:

(a) the name, address and tax or other identification number or, failing such, the date and place of birth of the beneficial owner;

(b) the name and address of the paying agent; and

(c) the account number of the beneficial owner or, where there is none, the identification of the security.

Such certificate shall be valid for a period not exceeding three years. It shall be issued to any beneficial owner who requests it, within two months following such request, shall bear the date of request as well as the date of issue and shall be applicable in relation to payments made after that date of request.

(3) Where paragraph (1)(a) of this Article applies, the competent authority of the BVI in which the paying agent is established shall communicate the information referred to in Article 3(1) of this Agreement to the competent authority of the Republic of Latvia as the country of residence of the beneficial owner. Such communications shall be automatic and shall take place at least once a year, within six months following the end of the tax year established by the laws of a contracting party, for all interest payments made during that year.

Article 5. Basis of assessment for withholding tax

(1) A paying agent established in the BVI shall levy withholding tax in accordance with Article 2 of this Agreement as follows:

(a) in the case of an interest payment within the meaning of Article 9(1)(a) of this Agreement: on the amount of interest paid or credited;

(b) in the case of an interest payment within the meaning of Article 9(1)(b) or (d) of this Agreement: on the amount of interest or income referred to in (b) or (d) of that sub-paragraph or by a levy of equivalent effect to be borne by the recipient on the full amount of the proceeds of the sale, redemption or refund as certified by the paying agent to its competent authority;

(c) in the case of an interest payment within the meaning of Article 9(1)(c) of this Agreement: on the amount of interest referred to in that sub-paragraph;

(d) in the case of an interest payment within the meaning of Article 9(4) of this Agreement: on the amount of interest attributable to each of the members of the entity referred to in Article 8(2) of this Agreement who meet the conditions of Article 6(1) of this Agreement; and

(e) where the BVI exercises the option under Article 9(5) of this Agreement: on the amount of annualised interest.

(2) For the purposes of sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph 1 of this Article, the withholding tax shall be deducted on a pro rata basis to the period during which the beneficial owner held the debt-claim. If the paying agent is unable to determine the period of holding on the basis of the information made available to him, the paying agent shall treat the beneficial owner as having been in possession of the debt-claim for the entire period of its existence, unless the latter provides evidence of the date of the acquisition.

(3) The imposition of withholding tax by the BVI shall not preclude the Republic of Latvia from taxing income in accordance with its national law.

(4) During the transitional period, the BVI may provide that an economic operator paying interest to, or securing interest for, an entity referred to in Article 8(2) of this Agreement in the other contracting party shall be considered the paying agent in place of the entity and shall levy the withholding tax on that interest, unless the entity has formally agreed to its name, address and the total amount of the interest paid to it or secured for it being communicated in accordance with the last paragraph of Article 8(2) of this Agreement.

Article 6. Definition of "beneficial owner"

(1) For the purposes of this Agreement, "beneficial owner" means an individual who receives an interest payment or any individual for whom an interest payment is secured, unless such individual can provide evidence that the interest payment was not received or secured for his own benefit. An individual is not the beneficial owner when he:

(a) acts as a paying agent within the meaning of Article 8(1) of this Agreement;

(b) acts on behalf of a legal person, an entity which is taxed on its profits under the general arrangements for business taxation, an UCITS authorised in accordance with Directive 85/611/EEC or an equivalent undertaking for collective investment established in the BVI, or an entity referred to in Article 8(2) of this Agreement and, in the last mentioned case, discloses the name and address of that entity to the economic operator making the interest payment and the latter communicates such information to the competent authority of its contracting party of establishment; or

(c) acts on behalf of another individual who is the beneficial owner and discloses to the paying agent the identity of that beneficial owner.

(2) Where a paying agent has information suggesting that the individual who receives an interest payment or for whom an interest payment is secured may not be the beneficial owner, and where neither paragraph 1(a) nor 1(b) of this Article applies, it shall take reasonable steps to establish the identity of the beneficial owner. If the paying agent is unable to identify the beneficial owner, it shall treat the individual in question as the beneficial owner.

Article 7. Identity and residence of beneficial owners

(1) Each Party shall, within its territory, adopt and ensure the application of the procedures necessary to allow the paying agent to identify the beneficial owners and their residence for the purposes of this Agreement. Such procedures shall comply with the minimum standards established in paragraphs (2) and (3);

(2) The paying agent shall establish the identity of the beneficial owner on the basis of minimum standards which vary according to when relations between the paying agent and the recipient of the interest are entered into, as follows:

(a) for contractual relations entered into before 1^st January, 2004, the paying agent shall establish the identity of the beneficial owner, consisting of his name and address, by using the information at its disposal, in particular pursuant to the regulations in force in its country of establishment and to Council Directive 91/308/EEC of 10^th June, 1991 in the case of the Republic of Latvia or equivalent legislation in the case of the BVI on prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering;

(b) for contractual relations entered into, or transactions carried out in the absence of contractual relations, on or after 1^st January, 2004 the paying agent shall establish the identity of the beneficial owner, consisting of the name, address and, if there is one, the tax identification number allocated by the Member State of residence for tax purposes. These details should be established on the basis of the passport or of the official identity card presented by the beneficial owner. If it does not appear on that passport or official identity card, the address shall be established on the basis of any other documentary proof of identity presented by the beneficial owner. If the tax identification number is not mentioned on the passport, on the official identity card or any other documentary proof of identity, including, possibly the certificate of residence for tax purposes, presented by the beneficial owner, the identity shall be supplemented by a reference to the latter's date and place of birth established on the basis of his passport or official identification card.

(3) The paying agent shall establish the residence of the beneficial owner on the basis of minimum standards which vary according to when relations between the paying agent and the recipient of the interest are entered into. Subject to the conditions set out below, residence shall be considered to be situated in the country where the beneficial owner has his permanent address:

(a) for contractual relations entered into before 1^st January, 2004 the paying agent shall establish the residence of the beneficial owner by using the information at its disposal, in particular pursuant to the regulations in force in its country of establishment and to Directive 91/308/EEC in the case of the Republic of Latvia, or equivalent legislation in the case of the BVI;

(b) for contractual relations entered into, or transactions carried out in the absence of contractual relations, on or after 1^st January, 2004, the paying agent shall establish the residence of the beneficial owner on the basis of the address mentioned on the passport, on the official identity card or, if necessary, on the basis of any documentary proof of identity presented by the beneficial owner and according to the following procedure: for individuals presenting a passport or official identity card issued by a Member State who declare themselves to be resident in a third country, residence shall be established by means of a tax residence certificate issued by the competent authority of the third country in which the individual claims to be resident. Failing the presentation of such a certificate, the Member State which issued the passport or other official identity document shall be considered to be the country of residence.

Article 8. Definition of "paying agent"

(1) For the purposes of this Agreement, "paying agent" means any economic operator who pays interest to or secures the payment of interest for the immediate benefit of the beneficial owner, whether the operator is the debtor of the debt claim which produces the interest or the operator charged by the debtor or the beneficial owner with paying interest or securing the payment of interest.

(2) Any entity established in a contracting party to which interest is paid or for which interest is secured for the benefit of the beneficial owner shall also be considered a paying agent upon such payment or securing of such payment. This provision shall not apply if the economic operator has reason to believe, on the basis of official evidence produced by that entity, that:

(a) it is a legal person with the exception of those legal persons referred to in paragraph 5 of this Article;

(b) its profits are taxed under the general arrangements for business taxation; or

(c) it is an UCITS recognised in accordance with Directive 85/611/EEC of the Council or an equivalent undertaking for collective investment established in the BVI.

An economic operator paying interest to, or securing interest for, such an entity established in the other contracting party which is considered a paying agent under this paragraph shall communicate the name and address of the entity and the total amount of interest paid to, or secured for, the entity to the competent authority of its contracting party of establishment, which shall pass this information on to the competent authority of the contracting party where the entity is established.

(3) The entity referred to in paragraph (2) of this Article shall, however, have the option of being treated for the purposes of this Agreement as an UCITS or equivalent undertaking as referred to in sub-paragraph (c) of paragraph (2). The exercise of this option shall require a certificate to be issued by the contracting party in which the entity is established and presented to the economic operator by that entity. A contracting party shall lay down the detailed rules for this option for entities established in their territory.

(4) Where the economic operator and the entity referred to in paragraph (2) of this Article are established in the same contracting party, that contracting party shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the entity complies with the provisions of this Agreement when it acts as a paying agent.

(5) The legal persons exempted from sub-paragraph (a) of paragraph (2) of this Article are,

(a) in Finland: avoin yhtio (Ay) and kommandiittiyhtio (Ky)/oppet bolag and kommanditbolag;

(b) in Sweden: handelsbolag (HB) and kommanditbolag (KB).

Article 9. Definition of "interest payment"

(1) For the purposes of this Agreement, "interest payment" means

(a) interest paid, or credited to an account, relating to debt claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and, in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures; penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest payment;

(b) interest accrued or capitalised at the sale, refund or redemption of the debt claims referred to in sub-paragraph (a);

(c) income deriving from interest payments either directly or through an entity referred to in Article 8(2) of this Agreement, distributed by:

(i) an UCITS authorised in accordance with EC Directive 85/611/EEC of the Council; or

(ii) an equivalent undertaking for collective investment established in the BVI;

(iii) entities which qualify for the option under Article 8(3) of this Agreement;

(iv) undertakings for collective investment established outside the territory to which the Treaty establishing the European Community applies by virtue of Article 299 thereof and outside the BVI; and

(d) income realised upon the sale, refund or redemption of shares or units in the following undertakings and entities, if they invest directly or indirectly, via other undertakings for collective investment or entities referred to below, more than 40% of their assets in debt claims as referred to in sub-paragraph (a):

(i) an UCITS authorised in accordance with Directive 85/611/EEC; or

(ii) an equivalent undertaking for collective investment established in the BVI;

(iii) entities which qualify for the option under Article 8(3) of this Agreement;

(iv) undertakings for collective investment established outside the territory to which the Treaty establishing the European Community applies by virtue of Article 299 thereof and outside the BVI.

However, the contracting parties shall have the option of including income mentioned under paragraph (1)(d) of this Article in the definition of interest only to the extent that such income corresponds to gains directly or indirectly deriving from interest payments within the meaning of paragraph (1)(a) and (b) of this Article.

(2) As regards paragraph (1)(c) and (d) of this Article, when a paying agent has no information concerning the proportion of the income which derives from interest payments, the total amount of the income shall be considered an interest payment.

(3) As regards paragraph (1)(d) of this Article, when a paying agent has no information concerning the percentage of the assets invested in debt claims or in shares or units as defined in that paragraph, that percentage shall be considered to be above 40%. Where he cannot determine the amount of income realised by the beneficial owner, the income shall be deemed to correspond to the proceeds of the sale, refund or redemption of the shares or units.

(4) When interest, as defined in paragraph (1) of this Article, is paid to or credited to an account held by an entity referred to in Article 8(2) of this Agreement, such entity not having qualified for the option under Article 8(3) of this Agreement, such interest shall be considered an interest payment by such entity.

(5) As regards paragraph (1)(b) and (d) of this Article, a contracting party shall have the option of requiring paying agents in its territory to annualise the interest over a period of time which may not exceed one year, and treating such annualised interest as an interest payment even if no sale, redemption or refund occurs during that period.

(6) By way of derogation from paragraph (1)(c) and (d) of this Article, a contracting party shall have the option of excluding from the definition of interest payment any income referred to in those provisions from undertakings or entities established within its territory where the investment in debt claims referred to in paragraph 1(a) of this Article of such entities has not exceeded 15% of their assets. Likewise, by way of derogation from paragraph 4 of this Article, a contracting party shall have the option of excluding from the definition of interest payment in paragraph 1 of this Article interest paid or credited to an account of an entity referred to in Article 8(2) of this Agreement which has not qualified for the option under Article 8(3) of this Agreement and is established within its territory, where the investment of such an entity in debt claims referred to in paragraph 1(a) of this Article has not exceeded 15% of its assets.

The exercise of such option by one contracting party shall be binding on the other contracting party.

(7) The percentage referred to in paragraph 1(d) of this Article and paragraph 3 of this Article shall from 1^st January, 2011 be 25%.

(8) The percentages referred to in paragraph 1(d) of this Article and in paragraph 6 of this Article shall be determined by reference to the investment policy as laid down in the fund rules or instruments of incorporation of the undertakings or entities concerned or, failing which, by reference to the actual composition of the assets of the undertakings or entities concerned.

Article 10. Withholding tax revenue sharing

(1) The BVI shall retain 25% of the withholding tax deducted under this Agreement and transfer the remaining 75% of the revenue to the Republic of Latvia.

(2) The BVI levying withholding tax in accordance with Article 5(4) of this Agreement shall retain 25% of the revenue and transfer 75% to the Republic of Latvia proportionate to the transfers carried out pursuant to paragraph (1) of this Article.

(3) Such transfers shall take place for each year in one instalment at the latest within a period of six months following the end of the tax year established by the laws of the BVI.

(4) The BVI levying withholding tax shall take the necessary measures to ensure the proper functioning of the revenue sharing system.

Article 11. Elimination of double taxation

(1) A contracting party in which the beneficial owner is resident for tax purposes shall ensure the elimination of any double taxation which might result from the imposition by the BVI of the withholding tax to which this Agreement refers in accordance with the following provisions;

(a) if interest received by a beneficial owner has been subject to withholding tax in the BVI, the Republic of Latvia shall grant a tax credit equal to the amount of the tax retained in accordance with its national law. Where this amount exceeds the amount of tax due in accordance with its national law, the Republic of Latvia shall repay the excess amount of tax withheld to the beneficial owner;

(b) if, in addition to the withholding tax referred to in Article 5 of this Agreement, interest received by a beneficial owner has been subject to any other type of withholding tax and the contracting party of residence for tax purposes grants a tax credit for such withholding tax in accordance with its national law or double taxation conventions, such other withholding tax shall be credited before the procedure in sub-paragraph (a) of this Article is applied.

(2) The contracting party which is the country of residence for tax purposes of the beneficial owner may replace the tax credit mechanism referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article by a refund of the withholding tax referred to in Article 5 of this Agreement.

Article 12. Transitional provisions for negotiable debt securities

(1) During the transitional period referred to in Article 15 of this Agreement, but until 31^st December, 2010 at the latest, domestic and international bonds and other negotiable debt securities which have been first issued before 1^st March, 2001 or for which the original issuing prospectuses have been approved before that date by the competent authorities within the meaning of Council Directive 80/390/EEC or by the responsible authorities in third countries shall not be considered as debt claims within the meaning of Article 9(1)(a) of this Agreement, provided that no further issues of such negotiable debt securities are made on or after 1^st March, 2002. However, should the transitional period continue beyond 31^st December, 2010, the provisions of this Article shall only continue to apply in respect of such negotiable debt securities:

(a) which contain gross up and early redemption clauses; and

(b) where the paying agent as defined in Article 8 of this Agreement is established in a contracting party applying withholding tax and that paying agent pays interest to, or secures the payment of interest for the immediate benefit of a beneficial owner resident in the other contracting party.

If a further issue is made on or after 1^st March, 2002 of an aforementioned negotiable debt security issued by a Government or a related entity acting as a public authority or whose role is recognised by an international treaty, as defined in the Annex to this Agreement, the entire issue of such security, consisting of the original issue and any further issue, shall be considered a debt claim within the meaning of Article 9(1)(a) of this Agreement.

If a further issue is made on or after 1^st March, 2002 of an aforementioned negotiable debt security issued by any other issuer not covered by the second sub-paragraph, such further issue shall be considered a debt claim within the meaning of Article 9(1)(a) of this Agreement.

(2) Nothing in this Article shall prevent the contracting parties from taxing the income from the negotiable debt securities referred to in paragraph (1) in accordance with their national laws.

Article 13. Mutual agreement procedure

Where difficulties or doubts arise between the parties regarding the implementation or interpretation of this Agreement, the contracting parties shall use their best endeavours to resolve the matter by mutual agreement.

Article 14. Confidentiality

All information provided and received by the competent authority of a contracting party shall be kept confidential.

Information provided to the competent authority of a contracting party shall not be used for any purpose, other than for the purposes of direct taxation, without the prior written consent of the other contracting party.

Information provided shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities concerned with the purposes of direct taxation, and used by such persons or authorities only for such purposes or for oversight purposes, including the determination of any appeal. For these purposes, information may be disclosed in public court proceedings or in judicial proceedings.

Where a competent authority of a contracting party considers that information which it has received from the competent authority of the other contracting party is likely to be useful to the competent authority of another Member State, it may transmit it to the latter competent authority with the agreement of the competent authority which supplied the information.

Article 15. Transitional Period

At the end of the transitional period as defined in Article 10(2) of the Directive the BVI shall cease to apply the withholding tax and revenue sharing provided for in this Agreement and shall apply in respect of the Republic of Latvia the automatic exchange of information provisions in the same manner as is provided for in Chapter II of the Directive. Without prejudice to Article 4 of this Agreement, if during the transitional period the BVI elects to apply the automatic exchange of information provisions in the same manner as is provided for in Chapter II of the Directive it shall no longer apply the withholding tax and the revenue sharing provided for in Article 10 of this Agreement.

Article 16. Entry into force

This Agreement shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the latter of the dates on which the respective Governments have notified each other in writing that the formalities constitutionally required have been complied with, and its provisions shall have effect from the date from which the Directive is applicable according to paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 17 of the Directive.

Article 17. Termination

(1) This Agreement shall remain in force until terminated by either contracting party.

(2) Either contracting party may terminate this Agreement by giving notice of termination in writing to the other contracting party, such notice to specify the circumstances leading to the giving of such notice. In such a case, this Agreement shall cease to have effect 12 months after the serving of notice.

Article 18. Application and suspension of application

(1) The application of this Agreement shall be conditional on the adoption and implementation by all the Member States of the European Union, by the United States of America, Switzerland, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco and San Marino, and by all the relevant dependent and associated territories of the Member States of the European Community, respectively, of measures which conform with or are equivalent to those contained in the Directive or in this Agreement, and providing for the same dates of implementation.

(2) Subject to the mutual agreement procedure provided for in Article 13 of this Agreement, the application of this Agreement or parts thereof may be suspended by either contracting party with immediate effect through notification to the other specifying the circumstances leading to such notification should the Directive cease to be applicable either temporarily or permanently in accordance with European Community law or in the event that a Member State should suspend the application of its implementing legislation. Application of the Agreement shall resume as soon as the circumstances leading to the suspension no longer apply.

(3) Subject to the mutual agreement procedure provided for in Article 13 of this Agreement, either contracting party may suspend the application of this Agreement through notification to the other specifying the circumstances leading to such notification in the event that one of the third countries or territories referred to in paragraph (1) should subsequently cease to apply the measures referred to in that paragraph. Suspension of application shall take place no earlier than two months after notification. Application of the Agreement shall resume as soon as the measures are reinstated by the third country or territory in question.

Annex

LIST OF RELATED ENTITIES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 12

For the purposes of Article 12, the following entities will be considered to be a "related entity acing as a public authority or whose role is recognised by an international treaty":

Entities within the European Union:

Belgium

— Vlaams Gewest (Flemish Region)

— Région wallonne (Walloon Region)

— Région bruxelloise/Brussels Gewest (Brussels Region)

— Communauté française (French Community)

— Vlaamse Gemeenschap (Flemish Community)

— Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft (German-speaking Community)

Spain

— Xunta de Galicia (Regional Executive of Galicia)

— Junta de Andalucía (Regional Executive of Andalusia)

— Junta de Extremadura (Regional Executive of Extremadura)

— Junta de Castilla-La Mancha (Regional Executive of Castilla-La Mancha)

— Junta de Castilla-León (Regional Executive of Castilla-León)

— Gobierno Foral de Navarra (Regional Government of Navarre)

— Govern de les Illes Balears (Government of the Balearic Islands)

— Generalitat de Catalunya (Autonomous Government of Catalonia)

— Generalitat de Valencia (Autonomous Government of Valencia)

— Diputación General de Aragón (Regional Council of Aragon)

— Gobierno de las Islas Canarias (Government of the Canary Islands)

— Gobierno de Murcia (Government of Murcia)

— Gobierno de Madrid (Government of Madrid)

— Gobierno de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco/Euzkadi (Government of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country)

— Diputación Foral de Guipúzcoa (Regional Council of Guipúzcoa)

— Diputación Foral de Vizcaya/Bizkaia (Regional Council of Vizcaya)

— Diputación Foral de Alava (Regional Council of Alava)

— Ayuntamiento de Madrid (City Council of Madrid)

— Ayuntamiento de Barcelona (City Council of Barcelona)

— Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria (Island Council of Gran Canaria)

— Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (Island Council of Tenerife)

— Instituto de Crédito Oficial (Public Credit Institution)

— Instituto Catalán de Finanzas (Finance Institution of Catalonia)

— Instituto Valenciano de Finanzas (Finance Institution of Valencia)

Greece

— Оργανισμός Тηλεπικοινωνιών Ελλάδος (National Telecommunications Organisation)

— Оργανισμός Σιδηροδρόμων Ελλάδος (National Railways Organisation)

— Δημόσια Επιχείρηση Ηλεκτρισμού (Public Electricity Company)

France

— La Caisse d'amortissement de la dette sociale (CADES) (Social Debt Redemption Fund)

— L'Agence française de développement (AFD) (French Development Agency)

— Réseau Ferré de France (RFF) (French Rail Network)

— Caisse Nationale des Autoroutes (CNA) (National Motorways Fund)

— Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) (Paris Hospitals Public Assistance)

— Charbonnages de France (CDF) (French Coal Board)

— Entreprise minière et chimique (EMC)(Mining and Chemicals Company)

Italy

— Regions

— Provinces

— Municipalities

— Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (Deposits and Loans Fund)

Latvia

— Pašvaldības (Local governments)

Poland

— gminy (communes)

— powiaty (districts)

— województwa (provinces)

— związki gmin (associations of communes)

— powiatów (association of districts)

— województw (association of provinces)

— miasto stołeczne Warszawa (capital city of Warsaw)

— Agencja Restrukturyzacji i Modernizacji Rolnictwa (Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture)

— Agencja Nieruchomości Rolnych (Agricultural Property Agency)

Portugal

— Região Autónoma da Madeira (Autonomous Region of Madeira)

— Região Autónoma dos Açores (Autonomous Region of Azores)

— Municipalities

Slovakia

— mestá a obce (municipalities)

— Železnice Slovenskej republiky (Slovak Railway Company)

— Štátny fond cestného hospodárstva (State Road Management Fund)

— Slovenské elektrárne (Slovak Power Plants)

— Vodohospodárska výstavba (Water Economy Building Company)

International entities:

— European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

— European Investment Bank

— Asian Development Bank

— African Development Bank

— World Bank / IBRD / IMF

— International Finance Corporation

— Inter-American Development Bank

— Council of Europe Social Development Fund

— EURATOM

— European Community

— Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF) (Andean Development Corporation)

— Eurofima

— European Coal & Steel Community

— Nordic Investment Bank

— Caribbean Development Bank

The provisions of Article 12 are without prejudice to any international obligations that the Contracting Parties may have entered into with respect to the above mentioned international entities.

Entities in third countries:

The entities that meet the following criteria:

1) The entity is clearly considered to be a public entity according to the national criteria.

2) Such public entity is a non‑market producer which administers and finances a group of activities, principally providing non‑market goods and services, intended for the benefit of the community and which are effectively controlled by general government.

3) Such public entity is a large and regular issuer of debt.

4) The State concerned is able to guarantee that such public entity will not exercise early redemption in the event of gross‑up clauses.